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chloroplast transformation, an introduction
Chloroplast TRANSFORMATION An introduction.
With a growing population, increased demand for food too, and the tension comes from our stocks of food. Traditional methods of agriculture are insufficient to meet demand. Biotechnology plant – a science of rapid growth – today we can help.
Today, genetic transformation of plants, a tool basic research in plant biotechnology has been widely accepted as a method for understanding how plants both at work and to improve harvesting the transgenic plants characteristics.For stable in the genome of the plant, several methods have been developed and many plant species have been successfully transformed.The introduction of a new gene into the nuclear genome is the common method. But can cause genetic contamination of other crops or wild plants are more here.
transformation of the chloroplast-introduction foreign genes into the chloroplast genome, is considered as a possible solution to this transformation was achieved problem.Choroplast for first time in reinharbdtii Chlamydomonas, single cell green algae (in 1988), later in snuff and Arabidopsis thaliana.
Chloroplast Transformation has become an important technique in plant biotechnology and the main reasons for this are
1) Most angiosperms chloroplast ony display maternal inheritance (transmission through the egg to the embryo). Reduces the possibility of leaving genes through pollen grains and avoid the transfer genes related to weed species
2) In relation to the nuclear expression of transgenes in plant transformants tranplastomic is more stable. The transgenes are integrated into the chloroplast genome by homologous recombination and are not affected by gene silencing
3) Another important feature is the highest level of expression of resistance to insects and herbicides in plants than in plants transplastomic containing transformed bacteria. This is mainly due to the presence of many choloropalsts in a plant cell.
4) chloroplasts the ability to express multiple genes from a polycistronic mRNA.
Microprojectile bombardment, PEG-mediated transformation, expansion galinstan femtosyringe are some methods of treatment of chloroplasts. Increased expression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, resistance to glyphosate are two applications significant transformation of chloroplasts in plants transformed snuff. The surveys were conducted in this field for inventing methods more efficient and economic transformation of chloroplasts in a wide variety of species for culture. The research on crops such as tomato, Arabidopsis, potatoes and rice are transmitted. Rapid advances in this field. plastid transformation systems for many plant species are likely to be invented in the near future.
Reference: – 1) http://www.usask.ca/agriculture
2) http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/may252003/1286.pdf
For Anitha Ashwini RA Steffy V. T Shashikala Johnson (MS Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore)
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M S Ramaiha collage of arts,science and commerce
Organic Tomato Magic – How to Grow Tomatoes
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